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Gerrymandering of municipal boundaries may determine who wins — or loses — the next local elections

Julius Kleynhans
By Julius Kleynhans
17 Jul 2023
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When 200 municipal boundaries are being altered, how sure are we that this is really for the benefit of residents, and not just an attempt by the ruling party to manipulate votes? Residents should be vigilant about these changes.

We are witnessing a new era in municipal politics as the ANC realises that it is losing power because of the failure to deliver effective municipal services. As a result, we see strategies emerge that allow politicians to hold onto power — even if they don’t deserve our votes anymore.

In the 2021 local government elections, the ANC lost power in Gauteng’s big three municipalities. We also witnessed opposition parties led by the IFP take control of several municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal. Still, the ANC received 46% of the vote, winning the majority votes in 167 out of the 213 contested municipalities. The DA won 22% of the vote, getting a majority in 13 municipalities, and the IFP managed to get the majority in 10 municipalities.

On a national level, we have watched how the minister of home affairs and Parliament deliberately slowed and watered down the Electoral Amendment Act which enables independent candidates to stand, leaving the playing field stacked against the independents.

Parliament — dominated by the ANC — voted for another R300-million to be handed over to political parties in March, despite the extreme financial constraints the country is experiencing. At a local government level, particularly in KwaZulu-Natal, violence is increasingly used to eliminate political opponents.

Municipal demarcation


Now there is reason to believe that one of the potential strategies to regain power is to change municipal boundaries through a process called municipal demarcation. Municipal demarcation is governed by the Local Government: Municipal Demarcation Act and takes place under the leadership of the Municipal Demarcation Board, an independent authority set up under the act and responsible for the determination of municipal boundaries.

In essence, municipal demarcation means changing the boundary of a municipality to include or exclude certain communities. These governance boundaries may overlap with political boundaries and may lead to the exclusion of a segment of the electorate. Demarcation, therefore, has the power to shape constituencies to meet particular political outcomes. 

This power makes demarcation vulnerable to political manipulation and can be abused to gain power, at which point it becomes gerrymandering.

Let me illustrate by using the example of Hartbeespoort, a small town in North West province. Community members in Hartbeespoort opposed a proposal where the Madibeng Local Municipality excludes three of its wards, and those wards are then merged with the Bojanala Platinum District Municipality’s ward 7 to form its own new municipality.

If this decision goes through, it would split the town of Hartbeespoort and exclude one ward, dissolving the stronghold of a specific political party that enjoys majority support from local voters. The community proposed that it makes more sense — also from a geographical point of view — to exclude the Hartbeespoort wards from the Madibeng Municipality to form its own municipality, which will cover the entire Hartbeespoort town and its surrounding formal and informal settlements and may improve service delivery to the community at large.

It is our view that the demarcation process must not be weaponised for political power, but rather to ensure sustainable services to the affected communities these municipalities are mandated to serve. When municipalities can serve their communities well and cater for future needs, then only can potential expansion be considered to assist communities outside of their current boundaries.

Municipal boundaries being tested


There are currently proposals for more than 200 adjustments to municipal boundaries throughout South Africa. This is where civil society needs to be vigilant.

The Municipal Demarcation Act requires that the demarcation board must be independent and must perform its functions without fear, favour or prejudice. One of the most important functions of this is the demarcation of wards and the assessment of the capacity of municipalities to perform their functions, as well as adjustments to ensure proper service delivery to the people.

Before the determination of a municipal boundary, the demarcation board must publish a notice in terms of section 26 of the act in a newspaper circulating in the relevant areas. This year it seems that the preferred method of publication relied heavily on the Daily Sun. This stated the demarcation board’s intention to consider demarcations and invited the public to make written representations about this. The period for comments closed at the end of April 2023, but public hearings are still coming up.

It seems that the demarcation board will consider all representations and views that were submitted, and plans public meetings from June to August to get constructive input on their determinations. The demarcation board will thereafter publish its determinations in the provincial gazettes and allow a period of 30 days for objections by the public.

The notice is here and the annexures are here and here.

It is thus extremely important that the public studies this and participates in the process to ensure that the demarcation board follows the correct procedures, and gathers sufficient information through a meaningful public participation process in order to make informed decisions.

The changes in municipal boundaries may determine who wins — or loses — the next local elections. Sadly, it seems that municipalities have become a battleground for political parties mostly because of the access to the tenders that go with controlling a municipality. These tender battles normally come at the expense of the residents and basic service delivery.

We want to remind all South Africans that a municipality has a clear mandate to provide the basic infrastructure and services that establishes the foundation the local economy can build on. It’s not a space for political ideologies and battles.

Whatever the demarcation board determines, we hope that the areas affected will benefit from its decisions to uphold the municipality’s mandate instead of determining who gains more votes because of the adjustments to these boundaries. DM

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