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"contents": "<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Netflix documentary, </span><a href=\"https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-02-19-belle-gibson-built-a-wellness-empire-on-a-lie-about-cancer-apple-cider-vinegar-expertly-unravels-her-con/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apple Cider Vinegar</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, tells the true life story of Australian influencer Belle Gibson, who claimed to have cured her cancer using diet, detoxes, and alternative therapies. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rejecting conventional medicine, she built a massive following, launched a successful recipe app and published a cookbook. She claimed that she was donating much of her profits to charity until it was revealed she was an incredible fraud. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fallout was shocking. Her lies had devastating consequences for some of her followers who had abandoned proven treatments in favour of her alternative therapies.</span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Read more: </strong><a href=\"https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-05-07-drinking-apple-cider-vinegar-may-help-with-weight-loss-but-its-health-benefits-are-overstated/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drinking apple cider vinegar may help with weight loss but its health benefits are overstated</span></a>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the impacts of the documentary series is to successfully show how a cancer diagnosis can sometimes make patients and their families vulnerable to seeking out hope wherever it might appear, even if it means clinging to unproven remedies. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a world often overrun with instant gurus, viral hacks, and wellness conspiracies, separating fact from fiction has never been more critical. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Maverick asked three oncologists and a dietitian to give their perspectives on cancer treatments, conventional and integrative.</span>\r\n<h4><b>What risk really tells us and why it matters </b></h4>\r\n<a href=\"https://www.wits.ac.za/people/academic-a-z-listing/r/duvernramiahwitsacza/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr Duvern Ramiah</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Head of Oncology at the University of the Witwatersrand, </span><a href=\"https://sandtononcology.co.za/specialist\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr Keo Tabane</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an oncologist at Sandton Oncology, and </span><a href=\"https://www.lifehealthcare.co.za/our-doctors/western-cape/jacqueline-hall/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr Jacqueline Hall</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a Cape Town-based oncologist, all agree: so far, there is no conclusive scientific evidence that any </span><a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">specific diet</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can prevent cancer, stop its spread, or extend life.</span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conventional treatments — </span><a href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/radiation-vs-chemo\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">chemotherapy, radiation</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, </span><a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/surgery#:~:text=Therapy%20for%20Cancer.-,Types%20of%20surgery,recover%20from%20than%20open%20surgery.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">surgery</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and </span><a href=\"https://www.cancerresearch.org/what-is-immunotherapy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">immunotherapies</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> — remain the gold standard because they are grounded in decades of rigorous research and clinical evidence. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every cancer is different. That’s why treatments are tailored to the individual, with patients and oncologists working closely to assess the risks, benefits, and goals.</span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This said, lifestyle does matter: estimates suggest that </span><a href=\"https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2891-3-19\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30-40%</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of cancers could be prevented through diet and lifestyle changes. However, association with risk doesn’t equal </span><a href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer/art-20044092#:~:text=Risk%20seems%20greater%20when%20put,a%20large%20increase%20in%20risk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">causation.</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Association is when two things are linked, but one doesn’t necessarily cause the other; causation, on the other hand, means one thing directly makes the other happen.</span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People with healthy diets often differ in many ways from those with poor diets. These unique differences also affect cancer risk. Genetics, age, and environmental factors all play a role.</span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A diet high in </span><a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36889863/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">processed foods</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, </span><a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk#:~:text=These%20studies%20may%20show%20that,risk%20of%20developing%20certain%20cancers.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">alcohol</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and added sugars — combined with a sedentary lifestyle — is often consistently linked to being overweight and obesity. Maintaining a healthy diet should help to prevent being overweight or </span><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/risk-factors/obesity.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">obesity</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which also reduces the risk of cancer. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ramiah is often asked about the danger of </span><a href=\"https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/sugar-and-cancer-treatment--4-things-patients-should-know-.h00-159144456.html#:~:text=The%20most%20important%20thing%20is,%2D877%2D632%2D6789.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sugar</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, driven by the belief that sugar creates an inflammatory environment that “feeds cancer”. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He stresses the need for nuance: all cells — including cancer cells — require energy. Cutting sugar won’t starve a tumour. For non-diabetics, moderate sugar consumption is neither harmful nor helpful.</span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hall warns that extreme diets layered on top of the trauma of a cancer treatment can cause more stress than relief. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She says: “Unless it gives the patient a sense of control, there’s little reason to overhaul your entire lifestyle in the hope of a better outcome.”</span>\r\n<h4><b>Do integrative therapies improve outcomes?</b></h4>\r\n<a href=\"https://integrativemedicine.co.za/directory/davonne-mostert/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Davonne Mostert</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a professional dietician who works closely with oncologists, advocates for an </span><a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36497414/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">integrative approach</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that combines conventional treatment with integrative therapies. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Her philosophy is to treat the whole person, not just the tumour. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These include dietary changes, supplements, mind body therapies, sleep therapy and lifestyle coaching. Mostert says “globally, cancer treatment involving multidisciplinary teams has shown improved results”.</span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She does not believe that we have a reliable cure for all cancers yet. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Chemotherapy and radiation kill tumours — but cancer stem cells persist. Although many factors, such as environment and genetics, play a role in causing cancer, there’s strong scientific evidence that several lifestyle factors can significantly increase cancer risk. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Diets high in processed foods, chronic stress, excess sugar, inactivity, and obesity all stack the odds against you.” </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She believes that if you address these, you not only lower your chances of developing cancer, you also boost your body’s ability to respond to treatment, prevent its spread, and improve chances of survival. </span>\r\n<h4><b>Hope without hype</b></h4>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tabane cautions against falling for unproven gimmicks that promise the impossible. She advises patients to discuss the different alternatives with their oncologist to determine if they have merit. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Abandoning proven therapies in favour of untested alternative therapies may result in the loss of precious time,” she says. </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The human body is profoundly complex. No two people — or cancers — are the same. While the promise of a miracle cure is seductive, it’s rarely real and needs to be questioned. Hall’s final message is “that patients should insist on regular monitoring to determine whether a treatment is effective — and if it’s not, adjustments should be made. That’s the essence of medicine.”</span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The good news? </span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We’re making real progress. Cancer </span><a href=\"https://www.cancercenter.com/community/blog/2023/01/cancer-survival-rates-are-improving#:~:text=\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">survival</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rates are improving thanks to better screening, earlier detection, and more effective treatments. But we still don’t have all the answers.</span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ultimately, patients and doctors should work together to determine the most appropriate approach and understand the realistic outcomes of any chosen treatment. </span><b>DM</b>\r\n\r\n<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An attempt was made to interview two doctors who practice integrative therapy, but they unfortunately declined.</span></i>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more:</b> <a href=\"https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/apple-cider-vinegar-series\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apple Cider Vinegar Explores the Sour Side of a Wellness Empire</span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more: </b><a href=\"https://www.wits.ac.za/people/academic-a-z-listing/r/duvernramiahwitsacza/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Duvern Ramiah biography</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more:</b> <a href=\"https://sandtononcology.co.za/specialist\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keorapetse Tabane biography </span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more:</b> <a href=\"https://www.lifehealthcare.co.za/our-doctors/western-cape/jacqueline-hall/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jacqueline Hall biography </span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more:</b> <a href=\"https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/sugar-and-cancer-treatment--4-things-patients-should-know-.h00-159144456.html#:~:text=The%20most%20important%20thing%20is,%2D877%2D632%2D6789\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Should cancer patients avoid sugar? 5 things to know</span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more: </b><a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36497414/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Integrative Approaches to the Treatment of Cancer</span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more:</b> <a href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10925935/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obesity and lifestyle factors </span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more:</b> <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/risk-factors/obesity.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obesity and cancer</span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more:</b> <a href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC526387/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutrition and cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet</span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more:</b> <a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dietary risks and prevention</span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more:</b> <a href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer/art-20044092#:~:text=Risk%20seems%20greater%20when%20put,a%20large%20increase%20in%20risk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk — what the numbers mean</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more:</b> <a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/chemotherapy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemotherapy</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more: </b><a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Radiation therapy</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more: </b><a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/surgery#:~:text=Therapy%20for%20Cancer.-,Types%20of%20surgery,recover%20from%20than%20open%20surgery\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgery for cancer tumour </span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more: </b><a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immunotherapy</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more: </b><a href=\"https://www.cancerresearch.org/what-is-immunotherapy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is immunotherapy?</span></a>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more: </b><a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk#:~:text=These%20studies%20may%20show%20that,risk%20of%20developing%20certain%20cancers\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alcohol/ Causation</span></a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<b>Read more: </b><a href=\"https://www.cancercenter.com/community/blog/2023/01/cancer-survival-rates-are-improving#:~:text=\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improve survival rate</span></a>",
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