The great debate: Do school uniforms foster unity or stifle individual expression in students?

Obsessed with fashion, the emperor is tricked by two swindlers promising to make him the finest suit of clothes from a special fabric that is invisible to those who are unfit for their position or unusually stupid. Intrigued by the idea, he hires the swindlers, who pretend to weave the “invisible” cloth on empty looms.

Even though the emperor’s ministers cannot see the cloth, they pretend to admire it out of fear of appearing unworthy. When the emperor himself tries on the “clothes” and sees nothing, he also pretends.

The debate over school uniforms has been continuous and contentious, with proponents and opponents passionately arguing their points. I wrote an article years ago calling for the scrapping of school uniforms. A nun from a highly successful Catholic school in Soweto wrote to me and said: “I read everything you write, and it isn’t bad, but this is the biggest load of shite I have ever read.”

Some see school uniforms as a unifying force promoting equality and school spirit among students. By wearing the same uniforms, students from different socioeconomic backgrounds are on an equal footing, eliminating the pressure to wear expensive clothing that can lead to social conflict and distractions. Some have even argued that uniforms improve academic performance.

On the other hand, critics argue that uniforms restrict personal expression and impose financial burdens on families. They question whether uniforms have an impact on academic performance or behaviour and call for more substantial evidence.

The debate reflects broader issues about balancing individual rights with collective identity in educational settings. Students are unable to show off their individuality through fashion, which can be limiting for those who use clothing as a form of self-expression and identity. This can lead to feelings of frustration.

Uniforms also play a significant role in reducing bullying, as students are less likely to be teased or targeted based on their clothing choices. This creates a safer and more inclusive environment, allowing students to focus on their studies rather than worrying about their appearance. Additionally, uniforms simplify morning routines for parents and students, saving time and effort that would be better spent on academic pursuits.

Read more: School uniforms are the great social leveller and reduce campus crime and bullying

Schools with uniforms often project a positive image, reflecting discipline and professionalism that can have a positive impact on the community’s perception of the school. This, in turn, can boost student morale and motivation, leading to improved academic performance. Uniforms also foster a sense of responsibility and respect for the educational environment, preparing students for future professional settings.

However, critics argue that uniforms stifle personal expression and creativity, essential aspects of a child’s development.

Some also argue that uniforms don’t address deeper issues such as bullying or academic performance. Uniforms may even mask these problems rather than solve them. Others argue that uniforms restrict autonomy and emotional wellbeing.

What does the research really say?

The practicalities of school uniform

• Conducting surveys to gauge student and parent opinions;


• Providing financial assistance for low-income families;


• Ensuring that uniforms are as generic as possible;


• Establishing flexible uniform policies accommodating diverse needs;


• Getting student input in uniform design; and


• Monitoring the effectiveness of uniforms to see whether they address concerns.