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"contents": "<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>I. The call</b></span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">It was the same dream, it came again and again, and it only stopped when Ntate Ephraim Mabena agreed to do what his departed grandfather asked. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The first time it came, in 2001, he was famous in these parts for other things. Back then, he was known as the founder of the local kickboxing and karate club, the man to go to if you wanted to keep your son or daughter off the streets. Others knew him as the driving force behind the Mamelodi Fencing Club, which in the late 1990s made a clean sweep of the medals at the national junior championships. A defier of the body’s limits, Mabena had also made a name for himself as an endurance runner, having once undertaken a five-day marathon to raise funds for a trip to Japan. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">But on the day he responded to the call in his dream, he was stepping way beyond the physical.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">You know, it started as something I couldn’t figure out,” he explained. “It was my grandfather on my mother’s side who came to me and said, ‘You see that place on the mountain, where you used to jog and catch birds? You see where there is a dumping site?’ I said, ‘Ja’. He said, ‘Go and build a house there.’ ”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Today, that “mountain”— a pristine expanse of the Magaliesburg on the north side of Mamelodi — is known as the Mothong African Heritage Trust. At first by himself, then with his wife Mabel (who has since become a sangoma too, earning the honorific “Ma Mabena”), then with his family, Ntate Mabena cleared the mountainside of the trash that had been dumped up there for generations.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">He was told in his dreams that squatters would arrive if he didn’t move fast, and so, when sure enough the squatters did come, he convinced them to go elsewhere. At one point, he found a dead body hanging from a tree, a cellphone ringing in the hapless man’s pocket. Undeterred by the murderers, rapists and thieves who performed their dark arts in the mountain’s shadows, he eventually built his house, which is now a colourful landmark in an unlikely haven where nature and the environment are sacrosanct.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><i>Ummilo</i></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, a tree whose fruit is used to treat colds and flu; </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><i>umdladlathi</i></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, which eases the pain in swollen ankle and knee joints; </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><i>udodhlana</i></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, or wild dagga, which boosts the immune system and is said to be effective in the treatment of various cancers — these are just some of the indigenous healing plants that grow in Mothong’s nursery.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Below the nursery, on the south side, a sign proclaims the endorsements — garnered after Mabena and kin had done almost all the heavy lifting — of the University of Pretoria, Unisa, the Tshwane University of Technology and the national government itself, in the guise of the Department of Science and Technology. It is only the local municipality, the City of Tshwane, that is notably absent from the honour roll.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">But that was something that Ntate Mabena wanted to talk about later. Right now, he had guests to attend to. Two Wixaritari shamans from Mexico, brought out by Angela Prusa of Namibia and the Sesiyakhula Njalo NPO healers of Mamelodi, led by Gogo Zandi, had come together on this Monday in September to drum and dance and pray for the healing of the land.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-103554\" src=\"https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/wp-content/uploads/Tree-planting-ceremony-with-Don-Rafael-and-Ntate-Mabena-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"857\" /> Tree planting ceremony with Don Rafael and Ntate Mabena.</p>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>II. The answer</b></span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">It’s quite a long time that I have wanted to meet my brothers and sisters globally,” said Ntate Mabena during a ceremony that wove together a prayer matrix from the Xhosa, Swati, Zulu, Basotho, Shona, Hebrew, pagan English and Wixaritari traditions. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">When we were watching the Western-made films, you were always being defeated by the cowboys. The movie-watchers were always saying, ‘I wish these people can win.’ I want to share my tears of joy that you are now here.”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tears, according to Ntate Mabena, that were only rendered more sweet by the years of pain. A former soldier in the elite Transvaal Machinery of Umkhonto weSizwe, he reminded us that these mountains were used as a torture site by the security police during the height of the apartheid regime. He drew a link between that regime and Donald Trump, who had typecast Mexican immigrants as criminals, and had labelled all Haitian refugees as HIV positive.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I tell those brothers and sisters,” he said, “you are more than welcome on top of Magalies mountain.”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Later, after the sangomas had banged their drums at the sacred fire, and Don Rafael and Don’a Micaela of the Wixaritari had blessed the congregants at an old initiation site, Ntate Mabena received us at his “school of excellence” down the hill in Mamelodi. A learning institution and museum focused on indigenous African healing, it turned out to be exactly the sort of place that Western civilisation likes to snub — muthi in jars on floor-to-ceiling shelves; exhibits for “bula” sessions and other forms of divinatory consultation; a stuffed eagle on a boardroom table with its claws around the throat of a snake. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><iframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/pFqP_TAL5Cc\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"></iframe></span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Thing was, of course, that Western civilisation hadn’t singlehandedly cleared the mountainside out back of its generational accretions of trash and murder and rape. For that reason alone — and notwithstanding the obvious fact that Western patterns of consumption had lately become synonymous with </span></span></span><a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/10/world/asia/india-delhi-garbage.html\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">mountains of trash</span></span></a><u> </u><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">— Ntate Mabena remained a man deserving of his audience. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I think you will agree with me, brothers and sisters,” he said, to the two-dozen gathered guests, “that during the apartheid time, traditional medicine was taken as nothing. I know there are still countries that deny traditional medicine practitioners their right to practice. Those who suppress us, you will feel the wrath of our ancestors. We are </span></span><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><i>suffering</i> by this oppression. We are <i>fazed</i> by this climate change. You know why the scientists are failing? It is because they sideline us as indigenous knowledge practitioners.”</span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>III. The next question</b></span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">By “failing,” what Ntate Mabena meant was nothing new — the world had for the last few decades been teetering on the edge of an environmental abyss, and had recently </span></span></span><a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/01/magazine/climate-change-losing-earth.html\"><span style=\"color: #0b4cb4;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><u>dropped into the hole</u></span></span></span></a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">. What was new, though, was the lengths to which the national government was willing to go to support his indigenous wisdom-based plan. There was only one small hitch: the City of Tshwane. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In September 2014, the Department of Science and Technology sent a “motivation for granting of land use” to the Tshwane municipal council. In the document, the department laid out how in 2007 it had established the “Indigenous Knowledge System Bioprospecting and Product Development Platform”, with bioprospecting defined as “the search for plant and animal species from which medicinal drugs and other commercially viable compounds can be obtained.” </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The Mothong African Heritage Trust was flagged as a “leading organisation” in this area of research, development and innovation.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">On page three of the document, under the sub-heading “Urgent Need for Land Use”, the department homed in on the one issue that has perpetually threatened to tear this country apart.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Chapter 6 of the National Development Plan: Vision 2030 explicitly directs South Africa towards an inclusive development approach,” they wrote. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The access to land for black farmers or organisations that play a critical role in the agriculture value chain is a main challenge.”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">And then this: </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Because the The Mothong African Heritage Trust programme is based in an urban location (Mamelodi East), the access to land use has proven to be a major obstacle because the tribal system (mainly rural areas) is overridden by the municipal system. The planned investments will all be in vain if the [trust] is not granted a land lease or, even better, granted the land for its own use.”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Four years later, Ntate Mabena and the department are still waiting for their answer from the City of Tshwane. In September and October 2017, the minister herself, Naledi Pandor, sent a series of letters to the relevant councillor advising that her department had concluded the required “legal advice process” for the land transfer.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><i>Daily Maverick</i></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> has been in contact with the presiding officer at the City of Tshwane, who refused to answer our questions, citing issues of “protocol”.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Given that the application for a land lease was first lodged in 2007, it has been a fight with petty bureaucracy worthy of the best absurdist theatre. Meanwhile, an R11-million plant extraction facility, fully scoped and designed, is waiting to be built at the national government’s expense. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">We wrote a letter to President Thabo Mbeki,” said Ntate Mabena, “and that went not so far. We wrote a letter to President Jacob Zuma, and the guy who was dealing with it at the Union Buildings disappeared into thin air.”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Whether President Cyril Ramaphosa will throw his weight behind the cause remains to be seen. Either way, as proven by the work he’s already done, Ntate Mabena is unlikely to give up. He will take his cue from the tree planted on the mountain by the sangomas and the Wixaritari healers, a tree named by Don Rafael “Yura’akame”.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Its meaning? “The one that grows and blossoms.” </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><b>DM</b></u></span></span></span>",
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"description": "Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa is the fifth and current president of South Africa, in office since 2018. He is also the president of the African National Congress (ANC), the ruling party in South Africa. Ramaphosa is a former trade union leader, businessman, and anti-apartheid activist.\r\n\r\nCyril Ramaphosa was born in Soweto, South Africa, in 1952. He studied law at the University of the Witwatersrand and worked as a trade union lawyer in the 1970s and 1980s. He was one of the founders of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), and served as its general secretary from 1982 to 1991.\r\n\r\nRamaphosa was a leading figure in the negotiations that led to the end of apartheid in South Africa. He was a member of the ANC's negotiating team, and played a key role in drafting the country's new constitution. After the first democratic elections in 1994, Ramaphosa was appointed as the country's first trade and industry minister.\r\n\r\nIn 1996, Ramaphosa left government to pursue a career in business. He founded the Shanduka Group, a diversified investment company, and served as its chairman until 2012. Ramaphosa was also a non-executive director of several major South African companies, including Standard Bank and MTN.\r\n\r\nIn 2012, Ramaphosa returned to politics and was elected as deputy president of the ANC. He was elected president of the ANC in 2017, and became president of South Africa in 2018.\r\n\r\nCyril Ramaphosa is a popular figure in South Africa. He is seen as a moderate and pragmatic leader who is committed to improving the lives of all South Africans. He has pledged to address the country's high levels of poverty, unemployment, and inequality. He has also promised to fight corruption and to restore trust in the government.\r\n\r\nRamaphosa faces a number of challenges as president of South Africa. The country is still recovering from the legacy of apartheid, and there are deep divisions along racial, economic, and political lines. The economy is also struggling, and unemployment is high. Ramaphosa will need to find a way to unite the country and to address its economic challenges if he is to be successful as president.",
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"description": "<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>I. The call</b></span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">It was the same dream, it came again and again, and it only stopped when Ntate Ephraim Mabena agreed to do what his departed grandfather asked. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The first time it came, in 2001, he was famous in these parts for other things. Back then, he was known as the founder of the local kickboxing and karate club, the man to go to if you wanted to keep your son or daughter off the streets. Others knew him as the driving force behind the Mamelodi Fencing Club, which in the late 1990s made a clean sweep of the medals at the national junior championships. A defier of the body’s limits, Mabena had also made a name for himself as an endurance runner, having once undertaken a five-day marathon to raise funds for a trip to Japan. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">But on the day he responded to the call in his dream, he was stepping way beyond the physical.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">You know, it started as something I couldn’t figure out,” he explained. “It was my grandfather on my mother’s side who came to me and said, ‘You see that place on the mountain, where you used to jog and catch birds? You see where there is a dumping site?’ I said, ‘Ja’. He said, ‘Go and build a house there.’ ”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Today, that “mountain”— a pristine expanse of the Magaliesburg on the north side of Mamelodi — is known as the Mothong African Heritage Trust. At first by himself, then with his wife Mabel (who has since become a sangoma too, earning the honorific “Ma Mabena”), then with his family, Ntate Mabena cleared the mountainside of the trash that had been dumped up there for generations.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">He was told in his dreams that squatters would arrive if he didn’t move fast, and so, when sure enough the squatters did come, he convinced them to go elsewhere. At one point, he found a dead body hanging from a tree, a cellphone ringing in the hapless man’s pocket. Undeterred by the murderers, rapists and thieves who performed their dark arts in the mountain’s shadows, he eventually built his house, which is now a colourful landmark in an unlikely haven where nature and the environment are sacrosanct.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><i>Ummilo</i></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, a tree whose fruit is used to treat colds and flu; </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><i>umdladlathi</i></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, which eases the pain in swollen ankle and knee joints; </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><i>udodhlana</i></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, or wild dagga, which boosts the immune system and is said to be effective in the treatment of various cancers — these are just some of the indigenous healing plants that grow in Mothong’s nursery.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Below the nursery, on the south side, a sign proclaims the endorsements — garnered after Mabena and kin had done almost all the heavy lifting — of the University of Pretoria, Unisa, the Tshwane University of Technology and the national government itself, in the guise of the Department of Science and Technology. It is only the local municipality, the City of Tshwane, that is notably absent from the honour roll.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">But that was something that Ntate Mabena wanted to talk about later. Right now, he had guests to attend to. Two Wixaritari shamans from Mexico, brought out by Angela Prusa of Namibia and the Sesiyakhula Njalo NPO healers of Mamelodi, led by Gogo Zandi, had come together on this Monday in September to drum and dance and pray for the healing of the land.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_103554\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1000\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-103554\" src=\"https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/wp-content/uploads/Tree-planting-ceremony-with-Don-Rafael-and-Ntate-Mabena-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"857\" /> Tree planting ceremony with Don Rafael and Ntate Mabena.[/caption]\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>II. The answer</b></span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">It’s quite a long time that I have wanted to meet my brothers and sisters globally,” said Ntate Mabena during a ceremony that wove together a prayer matrix from the Xhosa, Swati, Zulu, Basotho, Shona, Hebrew, pagan English and Wixaritari traditions. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">When we were watching the Western-made films, you were always being defeated by the cowboys. The movie-watchers were always saying, ‘I wish these people can win.’ I want to share my tears of joy that you are now here.”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tears, according to Ntate Mabena, that were only rendered more sweet by the years of pain. A former soldier in the elite Transvaal Machinery of Umkhonto weSizwe, he reminded us that these mountains were used as a torture site by the security police during the height of the apartheid regime. He drew a link between that regime and Donald Trump, who had typecast Mexican immigrants as criminals, and had labelled all Haitian refugees as HIV positive.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I tell those brothers and sisters,” he said, “you are more than welcome on top of Magalies mountain.”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Later, after the sangomas had banged their drums at the sacred fire, and Don Rafael and Don’a Micaela of the Wixaritari had blessed the congregants at an old initiation site, Ntate Mabena received us at his “school of excellence” down the hill in Mamelodi. A learning institution and museum focused on indigenous African healing, it turned out to be exactly the sort of place that Western civilisation likes to snub — muthi in jars on floor-to-ceiling shelves; exhibits for “bula” sessions and other forms of divinatory consultation; a stuffed eagle on a boardroom table with its claws around the throat of a snake. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><iframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/pFqP_TAL5Cc\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"></iframe></span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Thing was, of course, that Western civilisation hadn’t singlehandedly cleared the mountainside out back of its generational accretions of trash and murder and rape. For that reason alone — and notwithstanding the obvious fact that Western patterns of consumption had lately become synonymous with </span></span></span><a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/10/world/asia/india-delhi-garbage.html\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">mountains of trash</span></span></a><u> </u><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">— Ntate Mabena remained a man deserving of his audience. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I think you will agree with me, brothers and sisters,” he said, to the two-dozen gathered guests, “that during the apartheid time, traditional medicine was taken as nothing. I know there are still countries that deny traditional medicine practitioners their right to practice. Those who suppress us, you will feel the wrath of our ancestors. We are </span></span><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><i>suffering</i> by this oppression. We are <i>fazed</i> by this climate change. You know why the scientists are failing? It is because they sideline us as indigenous knowledge practitioners.”</span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>III. The next question</b></span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">By “failing,” what Ntate Mabena meant was nothing new — the world had for the last few decades been teetering on the edge of an environmental abyss, and had recently </span></span></span><a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/01/magazine/climate-change-losing-earth.html\"><span style=\"color: #0b4cb4;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><u>dropped into the hole</u></span></span></span></a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">. What was new, though, was the lengths to which the national government was willing to go to support his indigenous wisdom-based plan. There was only one small hitch: the City of Tshwane. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In September 2014, the Department of Science and Technology sent a “motivation for granting of land use” to the Tshwane municipal council. In the document, the department laid out how in 2007 it had established the “Indigenous Knowledge System Bioprospecting and Product Development Platform”, with bioprospecting defined as “the search for plant and animal species from which medicinal drugs and other commercially viable compounds can be obtained.” </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The Mothong African Heritage Trust was flagged as a “leading organisation” in this area of research, development and innovation.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">On page three of the document, under the sub-heading “Urgent Need for Land Use”, the department homed in on the one issue that has perpetually threatened to tear this country apart.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Chapter 6 of the National Development Plan: Vision 2030 explicitly directs South Africa towards an inclusive development approach,” they wrote. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The access to land for black farmers or organisations that play a critical role in the agriculture value chain is a main challenge.”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">And then this: </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Because the The Mothong African Heritage Trust programme is based in an urban location (Mamelodi East), the access to land use has proven to be a major obstacle because the tribal system (mainly rural areas) is overridden by the municipal system. The planned investments will all be in vain if the [trust] is not granted a land lease or, even better, granted the land for its own use.”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Four years later, Ntate Mabena and the department are still waiting for their answer from the City of Tshwane. In September and October 2017, the minister herself, Naledi Pandor, sent a series of letters to the relevant councillor advising that her department had concluded the required “legal advice process” for the land transfer.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><i>Daily Maverick</i></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> has been in contact with the presiding officer at the City of Tshwane, who refused to answer our questions, citing issues of “protocol”.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Given that the application for a land lease was first lodged in 2007, it has been a fight with petty bureaucracy worthy of the best absurdist theatre. Meanwhile, an R11-million plant extraction facility, fully scoped and designed, is waiting to be built at the national government’s expense. </span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">“<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">We wrote a letter to President Thabo Mbeki,” said Ntate Mabena, “and that went not so far. We wrote a letter to President Jacob Zuma, and the guy who was dealing with it at the Union Buildings disappeared into thin air.”</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Whether President Cyril Ramaphosa will throw his weight behind the cause remains to be seen. Either way, as proven by the work he’s already done, Ntate Mabena is unlikely to give up. He will take his cue from the tree planted on the mountain by the sangomas and the Wixaritari healers, a tree named by Don Rafael “Yura’akame”.</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Its meaning? “The one that grows and blossoms.” </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><b>DM</b></u></span></span></span>",
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"summary": "In 2001, following the call of his ancestors, Ntate Ephraim Mabena began to clear the mountain behind his house, made of enormous piles of trash. Seventeen years later, the Mothong African Heritage Trust is an environmental haven that is the pride of Mamelodi. But while it has the endorsement of the national government and three universities, the local municipality is blocking further investment. Will the ancestors come once more to Ntate Mabena’s aid? ",
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